Catholics who adhere strictly to traditional liturgical practices, ancient devotions, pre-Vatican II Latin masses, and rigorous interpretations of traditional moral doctrines are often referred to as traditionalist Catholics or conservative Catholics. In some cases, specific traditionalist groups or independent societies operate outside mainstream diocesan structures to preserve older liturgical rites and strict canonical disciplines. Within monastic and religious life, orders that practice extreme asceticism, perpetual silence, and rigorous fasting, such as the Carthusians or Discalced Carmelites, are recognized as strictly observant religious communities.
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