What are the four pillars of security?

What are the four pillars of security varies by framework, but common models include several interpretations. In cybersecurity, four pillars often described are confidentiality, integrity, availability, and non repudiation, ensuring data is kept secret, accurate, accessible, and actions can be proven. Another widely taught four pillars for information security management are physical security protecting facilities, technical security protecting systems with firewalls and encryption, administrative security including policies and training, and legal and compliance ensuring laws are followed. In national security strategy, four pillars are diplomacy, information, military, and economics known as DIME. In physical security, four pillars are deterrence preventing attack, detection identifying intrusion, delay slowing attacker, and response reacting to neutralize threat. Some organizations describe four pillars as people, processes, technology, and governance. For enterprise security, four pillars are often protection, detection, response, and recovery forming security lifecycle. Understanding pillars helps organizations build balanced defense rather than focusing only on technology, as human factor, policies, and physical controls are equally important for comprehensive security posture.