The 7 elements of human security are defined by the United Nations Development Programme 1994 Human Development Report, which shifted focus from national security to individual security. They are economic security meaning assurance of basic income from work or safety net, food security meaning access to sufficient nutritious food, health security meaning protection from disease and access to health care, environmental security meaning protection from environmental degradation, pollution, and natural disasters, personal security meaning protection from physical violence, crime, terrorism, domestic abuse, and accidents, community security meaning protection from loss of traditional relationships and values and from sectarian and ethnic conflict, and political security meaning protection of human rights and freedom from political oppression and government abuse. Together these seven elements emphasize that true security is not just about military defense of borders but about ensuring people can live with dignity, free from fear and want, with access to livelihood, health, and rights. Human security framework is used by UN, NGOs, and governments to design policies that address root causes of vulnerability rather than just military threats.
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