How far CCTV cameras can see depends on camera type, lens focal length, resolution, and lighting conditions. For standard fixed lens dome or bullet cameras with 3.6mm lens, typical viewing distance for identification is 20 to 40 feet, recognition 40 to 80 feet, and detection up to 150 feet, meaning you can tell something is there but not who. With varifocal lens 2.8 to 12mm, you can adjust to see farther, up to 100 feet for identification. High resolution 4K cameras with long focal length 50mm lens can identify faces up to 200 to 300 feet. PTZ cameras with optical zoom 20x to 40x can see and identify over 500 to 1000 feet, used for large parking lots and perimeters. Infrared night vision range also affects distance, typical IR range is 30 to 100 feet, beyond that image is dark. Factors reducing effective distance include low light, fog, rain, poor focus, and low resolution. For practical home use, most homeowners want cameras that can identify person at 20 to 30 feet at entry doors. For long driveways, use bullet camera with longer lens. So range varies from 20 feet for cheap wide angle to over 1000 feet for specialized PTZ with zoom.
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