One kilogram of fresh cow dung typically yields approximately 0.03 to 0.04 cubic meters (or about 30 to 40 liters) of raw biogas under optimal mesophilic temperature conditions. This output varies slightly depending on the animal's diet, ambient climate temperatures, retention time inside the digester tank, and whether co-digestion materials like agricultural crop residues or food wastes are added to enhance microbial gas generation efficiency.