Satin and silk are not the same thing, and this is one of the most common fabric confusions. Silk is a natural fiber. It is a protein filament produced by silkworms, specifically Bombyx mori for mulberry silk. It is a raw material. Satin, on the other hand, is not a fiber at all, it is a type of weave. The satin weave is characterized by four or more weft yarns floating over a warp yarn, or vice versa, which creates a high luster on one side and a dull finish on the other. That weave can be done using any fiber. So you can have silk satin, which is silk fiber woven in a satin weave, polyester satin, which is plastic fiber woven in a satin weave, nylon satin, acetate satin, cotton sateen, and so on. In short, silk is what it is made from, satin is how it is woven. When people say satin vs silk, they usually mean polyester satin vs silk satin. Silk satin is breathable, hypoallergenic, temperature-regulating, and expensive. Polyester satin is shiny, slippery, non-breathable, traps heat, creates static, and is very cheap.
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