In classical material science and industrial manufacturing, ceramics are broadly classified into four primary categories: whitewares, structural clay products, refractories, and advanced technical ceramics. Whitewares encompass traditional pottery, porcelain dishware, and sanitaryware; structural clay products include bricks, tiles, and clay pipes used in building construction; refractories consist of heat-resistant materials designed for industrial furnaces and kilns; and advanced technical ceramics include high-tech electronic, medical, and aerospace components.
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