Differentiating between standard ceramic and porcelain involves testing water absorption rates, translucency, and density. Porcelain is a specialized, higher-grade type of ceramic fired at much higher temperatures using refined white clay called kaolin, making it extremely dense, non-porous, and impervious to water absorption with an absorption rate under 0.5 percent. Standard ceramic is more porous, less dense, and absorbs moisture more readily if unglazed. Furthermore, true porcelain often appears slightly translucent when held up to a bright light.
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