Can I infect my partner if I'm undetectable? If you are living with HIV, taking antiretroviral therapy as prescribed, and have a sustained undetectable viral load, you cannot sexually transmit HIV to partners. This is the scientific consensus known as U=U, Undetectable equals Untransmittable, supported by large studies like HPTN 052, PARTNER, and Opposites Attract that followed thousands of couples with no linked transmissions when viral load was below 200 copies/mL. Undetectable means the amount of virus in blood is so low it cannot be measured by standard lab tests. To maintain this status, you need to take medication daily, have regular viral load checks every 3 to 6 months, and stay engaged in care. U=U applies to sexual transmission, including anal, vaginal, and oral sex. It does not protect against other STIs or pregnancy, and it does not apply to sharing injection equipment, breastfeeding, or blood donation, where separate guidance applies. If your viral load becomes detectable, condoms and PrEP for partners can provide added protection. Discuss U=U, lab results, and prevention plans with your HIV care provider.
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