What is a wasp's biggest enemy?

A wasp's biggest enemy includes natural predators that specialize in eating wasps and destroying nests, with birds, badgers, and parasitic insects being among most significant. Natural enemies include birds like bee eaters, honey buzzards, swallows, and other insectivorous birds that catch wasps in flight and eat them, often removing stinger before eating, and honey buzzards and badgers raid wasp nests for larvae, digging up underground yellow jacket nests and eating protein rich larvae, which destroys colony, making them major enemies for social wasps. Mammals like bears, raccoons, and skunks also raid nests. Other insects like dragonflies catch wasps in flight, robber flies prey on wasps, praying mantises eat wasps, and spiders catch wasps in webs. Parasitic insects like parasitic flies and wasps lay eggs on or in wasps, with larvae feeding on wasp, and velvet ants parasitize wasp nests. Fungi and bacteria infect and kill wasps. Environmental enemies include cold winters that kill colonies, as only fertilized queens overwinter and rest of colony dies with first frost, and heavy rain that destroys nests. For humans, most effective enemies are professional pest control and habitat removal, though wasps are beneficial predators that control pest insects. Among natural predators, honey buzzards and badgers that destroy nests and eat larvae are considered biggest enemies for social wasps.