What is a household fixture?

A household fixture is any item within a residence that is permanently attached to the structure of the home or to its utility systems, and is therefore legally considered part of the property rather than a movable possession. Household fixtures are characterized by the three classic tests: physical annexation (they are bolted, screwed, plumbed, wired, cemented, or built in), adaptation to the property's use (they serve the household's functions of hygiene, cooking, heating, lighting, and storage), and intention of permanence (they were installed to remain). Typical household fixtures include plumbing fixtures such as toilets, sinks, washbasins, bathtubs, and showers; electrical and lighting fixtures such as ceiling lights, chandeliers, sconces, and hardwired fans; heating fixtures such as radiators, boilers, and wall-mounted heaters; kitchen fixtures such as built-in cabinets, sinks, range hoods, and plumbed dishwashers; and storage fixtures such as built-in wardrobes and fitted shelving. The fixture classification matters when a home is sold: fixtures automatically transfer to the buyer, while movable items such as freestanding furniture, curtains, and plug-in refrigerators remain with the seller unless the contract states otherwise. Real estate agents and conveyancers commonly prepare a fixtures list or fixtures and fittings schedule to prevent disputes. Household fixtures also define a home's functionality, comfort, and market value, and upgrading them is one of the most popular renovation strategies. In short, a household fixture is the permanently installed equipment that makes a house functional and livable.