What does it mean if someone is masking?

Masking, also called camouflaging, means consciously or unconsciously hiding one's natural responses, traits, or distress to fit in with social expectations or to avoid judgment, rejection, or stigma. It is often discussed in the context of autism, ADHD, mental health conditions, and personality differences, but anyone can mask. It can involve suppressing stimming or self-soothing movements, forcing eye contact even when uncomfortable, rehearsing conversations in advance and scripting small talk, copying others' facial expressions, tone, or interests, hiding sensory discomfort, or pretending to be okay when feeling anxious, overwhelmed, or sad. While masking can help a person navigate school, work, or social situations in the short term, it often takes a lot of energy and can lead to burnout, exhaustion, identity confusion, anxiety, and feeling unseen. People may not realize they are masking until they notice they feel drained after socializing or that they act very differently when alone. Recognizing masking can be a step toward self-understanding. If masking is causing significant stress or affecting well-being, discussing it with a psychologist, therapist, counselor, or trusted support person can help explore authentic self-expression and coping strategies that honor both needs and boundaries.