Is a lost ball a 1 stroke penalty?

Is a lost ball a 1 stroke penalty in golf under Rules of Golf by R&A and USGA, yes it is stroke and distance penalty, meaning 1 stroke penalty plus you must replay from where you last played, which effectively costs stroke and distance. Under Rule 18.2, if ball is lost, meaning not found within 3 minutes search, or known to be out of bounds, you must take stroke and distance relief, adding 1 penalty stroke and playing from previous spot. For example, if you hit tee shot and lose ball in bush, you add 1 penalty and hit again from tee, so you are now playing third shot. However, there is local rule E-5 introduced in 2019 as alternative to stroke and distance for casual play, allowing 2 stroke penalty and drop in fairway near where ball lost, to speed up play, but not for professional competitions. So in official competition, lost ball is 1 stroke penalty plus distance, effectively 2 shots lost. For example, if you lose ball off tee, you are hitting 3 off tee. If you lose ball on second shot, you add 1 and replay from previous spot. So yes, lost ball is 1 stroke penalty plus loss of distance, often called stroke and distance, and you must search 3 minutes before declaring lost.