What worsens venous insufficiency?

What worsens venous insufficiency? Venous insufficiency is worsened by factors that increase pressure in leg veins or impair vein function and blood return to heart. Prolonged standing or sitting without movement worsens pooling of blood in legs. Lack of exercise and calf muscle weakness worsens, as calf muscles help pump blood. Obesity increases pressure on veins and worsens. Pregnancy increases pressure and hormones that affect veins. Aging worsens as vein valves weaken. Smoking worsens by damaging blood vessels. High salt diet increases swelling. Tight clothing and high heels worsen. Varicose veins history worsens. Deep vein thrombosis history damages valves and worsens. Leg injury or surgery worsens. Hormonal changes worsen. Heat exposure worsens swelling. So factors worsening venous insufficiency include prolonged immobility, obesity, lack of exercise, aging, smoking, pregnancy, tight clothing, high salt, varicose veins, and history of DVT, all increasing venous pressure and impairing return of blood, leading to swelling, pain, and skin changes.