What are the treatment options for venous reflux in the legs?

What are the treatment options for venous reflux in the legs? Treatment options for venous reflux in legs include conservative measures and interventional procedures. Conservative treatments include wearing graduated compression stockings to improve venous return and reduce swelling, leg elevation above heart level regularly to drain blood, regular exercise especially calf muscle exercises like walking to pump blood, weight management to reduce pressure, avoiding prolonged standing or sitting, and skin care to prevent ulcers. Interventional treatments for more severe reflux include endovenous thermal ablation using laser or radiofrequency to close faulty vein, ultrasound-guided foam sclerotherapy injecting foam to close vein, VenaSeal closure system using medical adhesive to seal vein, ambulatory phlebectomy to remove varicose veins through small incisions, and ligation and stripping in severe cases. Treatment choice depends on severity, symptoms, vein anatomy, and patient preference, with conservative for mild and procedures for moderate to severe symptomatic reflux causing pain, swelling, skin changes, or ulcers.