Solid-state batteries face several notable manufacturing and engineering hurdles that have slowed their mass commercialization. The primary challenges include managing high interfacial resistance where the solid electrolyte meets the electrodes, preventing microscopic lithium dendrites from piercing separators during fast charging cycles, and dealing with the extreme moisture sensitivity of sulfide-based materials. Additionally, the complex and expensive manufacturing infrastructure required to produce them keeps production costs significantly higher than traditional liquid lithium-ion cells.