Manufacturing solid-state batteries on a commercial scale involves navigating severe technical and engineering hurdles. The primary challenge is managing the solid-solid interface resistance, as solid electrolyte layers do not naturally wet electrode surfaces as efficiently as liquid electrolytes, creating high internal electrical resistance. Another major showstopper is lithium dendrite growth, where microscopic lithium metal whiskers pierce through separators during fast charging, causing internal short circuits. Additionally, many advanced solid electrolytes—particularly sulfide-based compounds—are extremely moisture-sensitive, reacting with air to release toxic hydrogen sulfide gas, which requires multi-million dollar dry-room manufacturing infrastructure and drives production costs significantly higher than traditional lithium-ion cells.