The acronym TLS can represent multiple distinct entities or terms depending on the operational context. In the financial markets and biotechnology sector, TLS serves as the common shorthand or former ticker symbol reference for Tiziana Life Sciences (though its active Nasdaq ticker is TLSA). In medical science, TLS frequently stands for Tumor Lysis Syndrome, a serious metabolic emergency. In information technology and cybersecurity, it stands for Transport Layer Security, the cryptographic protocol designed to secure communications over computer networks.