What alkyd means in paint refers to type of synthetic resin used as binder in oil-based paints. Alkyd is term derived from alcohol and acid, specifically alkyd resin is polyester resin modified with fatty acids from vegetable oils like linseed or soybean oil, made by reacting polyols such as glycerin with dicarboxylic acids and fatty acids. In paint, alkyd means oil-based paint that uses alkyd resin as binder, which cures by oxidation when exposed to air, forming hard, durable, glossy film. Alkyd paints are often called alkyd enamel, oil-based enamel, or solvent-based paint. They provide excellent leveling, meaning brush marks flow out, hard durable finish, good adhesion, ideal for trim, cabinets, doors, and metal. Traditional alkyds use mineral spirits as solvent, have strong odor and higher VOCs. Waterborne alkyds are alkyd resins emulsified in water for lower VOC and water cleanup. So alkyd in paint means synthetic oil-modified polyester resin binder that gives hard enamel finish, distinguishing it from latex acrylic which uses acrylic polymer emulsion. It indicates oil-based enamel type paint.
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