Traditional masonry construction mortar is officially classified into four primary performance types established by ASTM standards: Type M, Type S, Type N, and Type O, each formulated for specific structural requirements. Type M mortar offers the highest compressive strength, making it ideal for heavy foundations and below-grade heavy-duty retaining walls. Type S mortar provides high bond strength and flexibility, heavily favored for structural load-bearing brickwork and exterior paving. Type N mortar is the most versatile and widely used mixture for general above-grade walls and residential chimneys, balancing good workability with weather resistance. Type O mortar is a low-strength, highly flexible blend reserved primarily for delicate historical restoration and soft-brick tuckpointing.
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