The maximum distance you can run 12/2 underground wire (typically UF-B direct-burial cable) depends heavily on the electrical load (amperage or wattage) you plan to draw and the acceptable voltage drop limits. Electrical code recommendations dictate keeping total voltage drop under 3% for optimal appliance performance and safety. For a standard 15-amp or 20-amp circuit using 12/2 copper wire, to keep voltage drop under 3%, you generally should not exceed a maximum run length of 100 to 150 feet for light loads (like a few LED outdoor lights). If you pull maximum current (e.g., 15 to 20 amps), that distance must be shortened significantly, or you must step up to a heavier wire gauge like 10/2.
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