The richest publicly traded corporate enterprise in the world by market capitalization is Saudi Aramco, the state-owned petroleum and natural gas giant of Saudi Arabia. Ownership of this colossal energy corporation is held primarily by the Government of Saudi Arabia, which retains a dominant majority stake, while a smaller fraction of shares is publicly traded on the Saudi Stock Exchange (Tadawul) following its historic initial public offering. Other immensely valuable technology corporations, such as Apple or Microsoft, are owned collectively by global institutional investors and public shareholders.