Saudi Arabia is governed by the House of Saud, with King Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud serving as the official monarch and head of state. However, day-to-day governance, economic policy, and strategic national transformations are heavily driven by his son and heir apparent, Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman, who functions as the Prime Minister and de facto ruler. Under his visionary leadership, the kingdom has pursued sweeping social modernizations, economic diversification plans known as Vision 2030, and profound shifts in foreign policy.