The mnemonic for SAMPLE is a memory aid used in first aid, EMT, and EMS to help remember the important questions to ask when taking a patient's medical history during secondary assessment. SAMPLE stands for S for Signs and symptoms, meaning what observable signs and what subjective symptoms the patient has, such as pain, nausea, bleeding, or difficulty breathing. A for Allergies, asking about allergies to medications, foods, latex, bee stings, or environmental factors. M for Medications, asking what prescription drugs, over-the-counter medications, vitamins, herbal supplements, or recreational drugs the patient is taking. P for Past medical history, asking about chronic illnesses like diabetes, asthma, heart disease, hypertension, seizures, and past surgeries or similar episodes. L for Last oral intake, asking when the patient last ate or drank, important for potential surgery, vomiting, or diabetic concerns. E for Events leading up to the illness or injury, asking what happened, what the patient was doing when symptoms began, mechanism of injury, or precipitating factors. SAMPLE is typically asked after OPQRST for the chief complaint and helps guide treatment and hospital handoff.
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