A pulley is formally defined as a simple machine composed of a grooved wheel mounted on an axle or shaft, designed to support movement and change the direction of a taut cable, rope, or belt running along its perimeter. The core function of a pulley is to facilitate work by altering the direction of an applied pull or by creating mechanical advantage that reduces the human effort needed to move heavy objects. In mechanical and automotive applications, pulleys also function as power transfer devices, working alongside continuous belts to transmit rotational energy seamlessly between various rotating engine components and machine shafts.
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