What happens if you wire black and white backwards, if you wire black and white backwards in AC house wiring meaning you connect black hot wire to neutral terminal and white neutral wire to hot terminal, you create reverse polarity where outlet has reversed polarity, with appliance may still work but safety is compromised creating shock hazard. What happens is circuit will still function, lamp will light, but switch that should disconnect hot now disconnects neutral leaving device energized even when switched off, so you can get shocked when changing bulb, and grounded metal chassis can become energized, increasing shock risk. Also GFCI and safety features may not work correctly, and outlet tester will show reversed polarity, with potential to damage sensitive electronics, and violate electrical code. In DC circuit, wiring black and white backwards meaning positive and negative reversed can cause device not to work, LED not to light, or damage electronics if reverse polarity not protected, with possible blown fuse, damaged components, and fire risk. So what happens if you wire black and white backwards, in AC you get reverse polarity with shock hazard even though device works, in DC you get reverse polarity causing malfunction or damage, both cases requiring correction by swapping wires to correct terminals, black to brass hot, white to silver neutral, with power off for safety.
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