Before modern commercial toilet paper became widely available in the late nineteenth century, humans utilized a wide array of natural, cultural, and readily accessible materials for post-defecation hygiene. In ancient Rome, people used a sea sponge attached to a wooden stick soaked in saltwater or vinegar. Across different global regions and historical eras, individuals relied on smooth stones, seashells, corncobs, wood shavings, moss, leaves, grass, snow in winter climates, or simply washed with water using their hands. Wealthier classes frequently used scraps of soft linen, hemp, or wool cloth.
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