Pipe fittings encompass a vast array of components designed to connect, control, or redirect fluid flow, but when categorized broadly by their primary functional purposes, they are frequently divided into three major operational types: connecting fittings, directional fittings, and control fittings. Connecting fittings, such as couplings and unions, join two pipes together in a straight line or adapt different diameters. Directional fittings, including elbows and tees, alter the path or split the flow of the piping system. Control fittings, such as valves and flanges, regulate, shut off, or secure the flow of liquids and gases passing through the network.
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