The three primary categories of mechanical seals used in industrial fluid handling systems are pusher seals, non-pusher (bellows) seals, and cartridge seals. Pusher seals utilize a dynamic O-ring that slides axially along the shaft to compensate for face wear. Non-pusher seals use a flexible metal or elastomeric bellows to eliminate shaft fretting. Cartridge seals are pre-assembled, self-contained units that simplify installation and minimize human error during complex pump maintenance.
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