How close does Romex need to be stapled?

How close does Romex need to be stapled, Romex NM-B cable needs to be stapled or supported per National Electrical Code requirements, with stapling distances specified to secure cable and prevent damage. NEC requires Romex to be stapled within 12 inches of every electrical box, junction box, outlet box, and panel, and every 4.5 feet along the run, with staples securing cable to framing, with staples not too tight to damage cable, and staples must be appropriate for NM cable, insulated staples or plastic staples preferred. So how close does Romex need to be stapled, within 12 inches of box and every 4.5 feet, with additional stapling where cable passes through holes in studs considered supported, with code allowing cable fished through existing walls without stapling if not accessible, but new construction requires stapling, with staples placed to avoid pinching or damaging sheath, with proper staple type being NM staple, with metal staples not overdriven, with plastic staples with nail being common. Also Romex must be secured within 8 inches of single gang box without clamp if fished, but generally 12 inches rule applies, with support ensuring cable does not sag or get damaged, with inspector checking staple distances, with proper stapling important for safety and code compliance, with 12 inches from box and 4.5 feet intervals being standard.