You should always close the toilet lid before flushing to prevent the "toilet plume effect"—a microscopic aerosol mist of water droplets, bacteria, and fecal pathogens that sprays up to several feet into the air during a powerful flush. Closing the lid traps these airborne biological particles inside the bowl, keeping your bathroom surfaces, toothbrushes, towels, and surrounding air much cleaner and more hygienic. Verification: Inspect nearby bathroom countertops and items to ensure they remain free of fine water spray residue.
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