Which president never freed his slaves?

Several U.S. presidents owned slaves and never freed them, but among the most prominent are Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, James Monroe, Andrew Jackson, and Martin Van Buren. Thomas Jefferson, despite writing that "all men are created equal," owned over six hundred enslaved people throughout his life and freed only a handful, mostly members of the Hemings family, upon his death. James Madison and James Monroe also died while still owning slaves, with no general emancipation enacted during their lifetimes or in their wills. Andrew Jackson was a staunch defender of slavery and owned hundreds of enslaved people, freeing none of them before his death. Martin Van Buren owned one slave early in his career but later supported abolitionist causes, though he did not have a large plantation holding to free. It is important to note that George Washington was the only slaveholding president who freed his slaves, doing so in his will. The failure of these other founders and leaders to emancipate the people they enslaved remains a significant contradiction in their legacies, highlighting the deep entrenchment of slavery in the economic and social fabric of the early United States, even among those who helped shape its democratic ideals.