Adolf Hitler is reported by several biographers and contemporaries to have had a number of intense fears and aversions, though historical claims about phobias should be viewed with caution as they often come from post-war memoirs rather than clinical diagnoses. The most commonly cited phobia attributed to Hitler was a fear of being poisoned, which led him to employ food tasters and to have his meals prepared with extreme precautions, especially later in the war. He was also said to have had severe mysophobia or germaphobia in some respects, showing an obsession with cleanliness and avoiding physical contact, although he could shake hands in public when required. Some accounts from his personal staff mention a fear of dentists and medical procedures, and he reportedly had a fear of cancer due to his mother's death from cancer, leading him to become vegetarian and avoid smoking and alcohol. There are also anecdotal claims of a fear of blood and a fear of being in enclosed spaces after World War I experiences, but these are not well documented. Historians like Ian Kershaw and Alan Bullock note that Hitler exhibited paranoid traits and anxiety, particularly about betrayal and assassination, especially after the July 20, 1944 plot, but formal clinical phobias were never diagnosed during his lifetime. It is important to distinguish between documented behaviors and sensationalized post-war claims.
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