What is the timberline in Canada?

The timberline in Canada, also called tree line, is the elevation or latitude beyond which trees cannot grow due to cold temperatures, short growing seasons, strong winds, and permafrost, marking transition from boreal forest to tundra. In Canada, there are two types of timberline. Alpine timberline is elevation on mountains above which trees stop growing, which varies by latitude and mountain range. In the Rocky Mountains of Alberta and British Columbia, alpine timberline is around 2,200 to 2,400 meters elevation in south, dropping to 1,000 to 1,500 meters in northern Rockies, above which only alpine meadows and rock exist. Arctic timberline or northern tree line is latitudinal boundary across northern Canada where boreal forest ends and tundra begins, stretching from Yukon, Northwest Territories, Nunavut, northern Manitoba, Quebec, and Labrador, roughly following 60 to 70 degrees north latitude, marking edge of forest. At timberline, trees become stunted krummholz, meaning crooked wood, due to wind and cold. Canada's boreal forest ends at timberline, beyond which is Arctic tundra with no trees. Timberline in Canada is ecologically important, sensitive to climate change, and moving northward and upward as climate warms. It is visible as distinct line where dense forest abruptly stops and tundra begins, important for ecology and indigenous land use.