In simple words, a claim is a statement that you say is true, or a request for something you believe you deserve, essentially saying this is true or this belongs to me. For example, if you say This tool box is waterproof, that is a claim, you are asserting it is waterproof and can be proven true or false by testing, similar to claiming HEPA filtration cleans air. If you file insurance claim after storage unit fire, you are claiming you deserve money for lost items, requesting compensation. So claim in simple words means either saying something is true and asking others to believe it, or asking for something you think you should get. In school, when teacher asks you to make claim in essay, they want you to state your opinion or argument that you will support with evidence, like claiming that grey and gray mean same color. In everyday life, claim can be I claim this seat is mine, meaning I say it belongs to me. So claim is basically assertion or demand, something you say is true or something you ask for because you believe you have right to it, and good claims are supported by evidence and reasons, while weak claims have no support. It is like planting flag and saying this is true or this is mine, and then backing it up.
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