What is a claim called?

A claim is called by different names depending on context, but general terms include assertion, declaration, statement, contention, and allegation. In legal context, a claim is called a cause of action, lawsuit, complaint, demand, or petition, and the person making it is called claimant. In insurance, it is called an insurance claim, proof of loss, or demand for coverage. In academic writing, a claim is called thesis, argument, or proposition that writer tries to prove. In property, it might be called a title claim, ownership claim, or mining claim. In everyday language, it might be called calling dibs, staking a claim, or making a demand. For example, when you claim money owed, it is called a demand for payment, when you claim something is true, it is called an assertion. So what a claim is called varies, but most common general synonyms are assertion and demand, with more formal terms like cause of action in law and proof of loss in insurance describing specific types of claims filed for official review and compensation.