The three primary classifications of rocks that make up the Earth's solid crust—forming mountains, ridges, and geological formations worldwide—are igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks. Igneous rocks form through the cooling and solidification of molten magma or lava. Sedimentary rocks accumulate from the compaction and cementation of mineral particles, organic remains, or mineral precipitates in layers over time. Metamorphic rocks are created when existing rocks undergo intense heat and pressure deep underground, transforming their chemical structures.
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