A roof should not go long with missing shingles, as exposure time directly increases risk of major damage. If only one or two shingles are missing in a non-valley, non-critical area and no rain is forecast, you may have 1 to 2 weeks before urgent action is needed, but you should still cover it as soon as possible. If several shingles are missing, or if the missing area exposes the underlayment or bare wood decking, you have only 24 to 72 hours before the next rain can cause significant damage. Once underlayment is exposed to sun and rain, it deteriorates quickly and loses its ability to shed water. If decking is exposed, water will soak into the wood immediately, leading to rot, mold in the attic within 48 hours, and interior ceiling leaks. In hurricane or storm season, even a small missing section can allow wind uplift to peel off surrounding shingles, rapidly expanding the damage. Insurance companies also have a duty to mitigate clause that requires homeowners to prevent further damage promptly, so waiting too long can jeopardize your claim. As a rule, tarp any missing shingle area within 24 hours and plan permanent repair within 30 days. Never leave a roof with missing shingles through a winter or rainy season.
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