Do pigeons have a higher IQ than dogs?

Pigeons and dogs have different types of intelligence that are difficult to compare directly with a single IQ score, because intelligence is multifaceted and each species has evolved different cognitive strengths for different ecological needs. In some specific cognitive tests, pigeons outperform dogs, while in other areas dogs outperform pigeons. Pigeons have exceptional visual memory, spatial navigation, and pattern recognition abilities, they can recognize individual human faces and remember them for years, recognize themselves in mirrors, learn complex routes, count to some extent, and have been trained to distinguish paintings by different artists and even detect cancer in medical images in research settings. Dogs excel in social intelligence, understanding human gestures, obeying commands, forming strong emotional bonds with humans, and cooperating with people, which pigeons do less. Studies comparing problem solving show dogs are better at social learning and following human cues, while pigeons are better at visual discrimination and long term spatial memory. So neither has a universally higher IQ, they have different intelligences, pigeons have higher visual and spatial IQ in some tests, dogs have higher social and emotional IQ. Overall, dogs are considered more intelligent in terms of social cognition with humans, but pigeons are surprisingly intelligent for birds and rival dogs in certain memory and visual tasks, showing that intelligence cannot be ranked simply.