Why does my AC compressor run for 10 seconds then shut off?

A compressor that runs for only ten seconds before shutting down is a classic symptom of an immediate thermal or electrical overload condition. The most common culprit is a failing run or start capacitor that can provide an initial burst of voltage to jumpstart the motor, but immediately overheats and fails under load, causing the compressor motor to draw excessive current and trip its internal thermal overload switch. Another frequent cause is an incorrect refrigerant charge or a restricted expansion valve that causes system pressures to spike immediately upon startup, triggering high-pressure safety cutoffs. Additionally, a locked rotor condition—where the internal mechanical components of the compressor have seized up—will cause the motor to struggle briefly, generate massive heat, and shut down instantly to prevent a complete electrical burnout.