In botanical and forestry terms, hardwood refers to wood derived from angiosperm trees—broad-leaved flowering plants that typically produce seeds enclosed within a fruit, nut, or pod, such as oak, maple, walnut, cherry, ash, birch, and mahogany. Despite the name, hardness is not determined by physical density; some hardwoods, like balsa or poplar, are actually softer than certain softwoods like longleaf pine. Hardwoods are generally characterized by a complex cellular structure featuring pores or vessels that transport water, which often gives them superior durability, denser weight, and intricate grain patterns prized in fine furniture and flooring.
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