The healthiest type of insulation for a house is one that provides good thermal performance without off-gassing harmful chemicals, supporting mold, or releasing respirable fibers into living spaces. For most homeowners, mineral wool, also called Rockwool or Roxul, is considered the healthiest overall. It is made from natural volcanic rock and recycled slag, contains no formaldehyde, no added chemicals, is naturally fireproof to over 2000 degrees, resists mold and mildew because it does not absorb water, and provides excellent soundproofing. It is GREENGUARD Gold certified. The second healthiest is formaldehyde-free fiberglass batts with plant-based binders, such as Owens Corning Pink Next Gen and Johns Manville ComfortTherm and Climate Pro. These are certified to have low volatile organic compound emissions, contain up to 70 percent recycled glass, and are inert once enclosed behind drywall. For chemically sensitive individuals, natural fiber insulations like dense-pack cellulose made from recycled newspaper treated with borate, sheep's wool insulation that naturally regulates humidity, and cotton insulation made from recycled denim are also very healthy, though they must be treated for fire resistance. The least healthy options are old urea-formaldehyde foam, poorly mixed spray foam that can off-gas, and any insulation that gets wet and grows mold. Proper installation with good air sealing is as important as material choice for indoor air quality.
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