If your water heater pilot light refuses to stay lit after multiple attempts, you must troubleshoot the underlying safety components. First, clean the thermocouple tip with fine sandpaper to remove soot and oxidation. If cleaning fails, the thermocouple is likely defective and must be replaced; unscrew it from the gas valve, take it to a hardware store for an exact match, and install a new one. Another common culprit is a drafty utility room blowing the flame out, or a failing gas control valve. Verification: Check that the pilot flame stays lit steadily for over two minutes after replacing a faulty thermocouple.
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