The porcelain bowl and tank of a residential toilet can theoretically last for decades (often 50 years or more) because ceramic is virtually indestructible under normal conditions. However, the internal mechanical components—such as the fill valve, flush valve, rubber flapper, and tank-to-bowl bolts—typically wear out and require replacement every 5 to 10 years. Whole-unit replacements are usually driven by remodeling preferences, hairline cracks in the porcelain, or frequent clogs from old trap designs. Verification: Inspect the porcelain for hairline cracks and test internal mechanisms during routine bathroom maintenance.
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