The National Lead Company was established through a massive consolidation of numerous lead mining, smelting, and pigment manufacturing firms, growing rapidly to become one of the original industrial equities listed on the Dow Jones Industrial Average. For decades, it dominated the American market through signature brands like Dutch Boy Paints. As public health regulations banned residential lead paint and environmental liabilities surfaced, the corporation restructured, dropped "Lead" from its title to become NL Industries, and transitioned into manufacturing components and chemical pigments.