The primary industry utilizing the products of Smart Sand, Inc. is the North American upstream oil and natural gas sector, specifically companies engaged in exploration, well completion, and hydraulic fracturing. The industrial sand and proppants supplied by the company are critical for extracting hydrocarbons from unconventional shale formations. Furthermore, variations of industrial silica sand find applications in secondary sectors such as glass manufacturing, foundry operations, metal casting, and specialized civil engineering projects requiring precise granular inputs.