While Canada's publicly funded universal healthcare system ensures equitable medical access without direct out-of-pocket bills for doctor and hospital visits, it suffers from several notable downsides. The most prominent challenges include chronically long wait times for elective surgeries, diagnostic imaging (such as MRIs and CT scans), and specialist physician appointments. Additionally, the system struggles with severe shortages of family doctors, overcrowded emergency rooms, and regional disparities in rural care availability. Furthermore, public Medicare completely excludes outpatient prescription drugs, dental care, and vision services, requiring private insurance or out-of-pocket payments for those needs.
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