Carlisle is English, not Scottish, though it is very close to Scottish border and has strong Scottish influences and history of being contested between England and Scotland. Carlisle is located in Cumbria, North West England, about 10 miles south of Scottish border, and is officially part of England, with English local government, English law, and English administrative county of Cumbria. However, historically Carlisle has changed hands many times between England and Scotland due to border wars. It was originally Roman fort Luguvalium in England, then part of Kingdom of Northumbria, then contested, with Scots occupying it several times in medieval period, and English recapturing it. Carlisle Castle was built by English to defend against Scots, and it was most besieged castle in England due to Anglo-Scottish wars. Today, Carlisle is English city with English accent, but with many residents of Scottish descent and strong cultural ties to Scotland, with many Scots living there and many people commuting across border. It has Scottish-influenced dialect and traditions. Legally and geographically, Carlisle is English city in England, about 10 miles from Scotland, but culturally it has border identity mixing English and Scottish elements. Carlisle, Ontario is Canadian, not Scottish or English, though named after English Carlisle. So Carlisle, England is English city near Scottish border with Scottish influences.
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