Carlisle is in England, not Scotland, though it is very close to Scottish border and has strong Scottish connections. Carlisle is located in Cumbria, North West England, about 10 miles or 16 kilometers south of border with Scotland at Gretna, making it northernmost city in England near Scotland. It is officially part of England, with English local government, City of Carlisle district, Cumbria county, and English law, and is under UK Parliament. Historically, Carlisle has been contested between England and Scotland many times due to border wars, being occupied by Scots several times, but since 12th century it has been firmly English, with Carlisle Castle built by English king William II in 1092 to defend against Scots. Today, Carlisle is English city with English identity, but with many Scottish influences, Scottish-born residents, and many people commuting across border, and it serves as gateway to Scotland on West Coast Main Line. Some people confuse it as Scottish due to proximity and name, but it is English. Carlisle, Ontario is in Canada, not England or Scotland, though named after English Carlisle. So Carlisle, England is in England, about 10 miles from Scotland, making it border city with mixed English-Scottish cultural heritage but legally and geographically in England.
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