Carlisle is a city, not just a town, in terms of official status in England, though it feels like small city or large town. Carlisle in Cumbria, England was granted city status in 1133 when its cathedral was founded, making it historic city, and it has held city status ever since, being the only city in Cumbria county, with population about 75,000 in city proper and 108,000 in wider City of Carlisle district. In England, city status is granted by monarch and historically required cathedral, which Carlisle has had since 1122, so it qualifies as city. However, many people think of Carlisle as town because it is relatively small compared to major UK cities like London or Manchester, and has market town feel with historic centre. Legally and administratively, City of Carlisle is local authority district with city status. Carlisle, Ontario, Canada is not a city, it is a hamlet and rural community within City of Hamilton, with population 1,500 to 2,500, considered small hamlet, not incorporated city or town, but part of larger city Hamilton. In USA, Carlisle, Pennsylvania is a borough, not city, with population about 20,000. So answer depends on which Carlisle, but Carlisle, England is officially a city, one of smallest cities in England, while Carlisle, Ontario is hamlet within city, and other Carlisles in US are towns or boroughs. So Carlisle, England is city by charter since 12th century.
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